<div dir="ltr">"Hacking" as a term applied to high-end technology hobbyist projects got its start with the MIT Model Railroaders. In the forwarded email, Eric Hunting muses, after seeing how fantastically it has morphed toward stunning realism,<br><br>"Strangely, despite the relative ease and economy of such a demonstration, for a year now ESA has made no attempt to do this. No one in the space establishment is proposing anything like this.<div><br></div><div>In general, there's much that can be done at subscale; probably everything that ever worked in space was first done that way. And that's not changing any time soon. Note, for example, that Deep Space Industries, despite its dolby-ized CGI depiction of colossal asteroid mining operations, e.g.,<br><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIY_fmvFDhM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIY_fmvFDhM</a></div><div><br></div><div>has recently headed more in a direction I started taking in late 2012: DSI has retained femtosatellite pioneer Mason Peck to look into how sprinkling Sprites onto asteroids from nanosat probes might aid in prospecting.</div><div><br> <a href="https://deepspaceindustries.com/nasa-selects-deep-space-for-two-asteroid-contracts/">https://deepspaceindustries.com/nasa-selects-deep-space-for-two-asteroid-contracts/</a><br><div><br></div><div><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">Regards,<br>Michael Turner<br>Executive Director<br>Project Persephone<br>K-1 bldg 3F<br>7-2-6 Nishishinjuku<br>Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-0023<br>Tel: +81 (3) 6890-1140<br>Fax: +81 (3) 6890-1158<br>Mobile: +81 (90) 5203-8682<br><a href="mailto:turner@projectpersephone.org" target="_blank">turner@projectpersephone.org</a><br><a href="http://www.projectpersephone.org/" target="_blank">http://www.projectpersephone.org/</a><br><br>"Love does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction." -- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Tomasz Rola</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rtomek@ceti.pl">rtomek@ceti.pl</a>></span><br>Date: Fri, May 27, 2016 at 6:26 AM<br>Subject: [tt] (Open Manufacturing) Telebase Alpha (concat) (fwd)<br>To: <a href="mailto:rtomek@ceti.pl">rtomek@ceti.pl</a><br><br><br>----- Forwarded message from Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>> -----<br>
<br>
Date: Mon, 16 May 2016 17:53:07 -0700 (PDT)<br>
From: Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: Open Manufacturing <<a href="mailto:openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com">openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
Subject: [Open Manufacturing] Telebase Alpha<br>
<br>
Trying to distract myself from other depressing matters, I've been thinking<br>
a lot lately about the persistently retrofuturist nature of the space<br>
establishment vision, the transhumanist prospect of space development, the<br>
course of amateur robotics development, and the concept of the telebase.<br>
I've also been watching a lot of Youtube videos about the hobby of RC<br>
construction models <<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdWH12ethew" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdWH12ethew</a>>--something<br>
more popular in Europe than the US, where RC racing dominates. I find them<br>
calming, like watching an aquarium. But what's interesting about them is<br>
how sophisticated these models have become in recent years. Now featuring<br>
digital controls, powerful mini-hydraulics systems, digital sound effects<br>
systems, and sometimes first-person video systems, these models have become<br>
real telerobots. And their builders aren't just interested in realism of<br>
appearance. They seek realism in function too. So, all across the year, you<br>
have these meets and shows, sometimes in dedicated venues<br>
<<a href="http://www.rc-glashaus.de/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.rc-glashaus.de/</a>>, where miniature villages are created and<br>
these machines are put through their paces. Excavators and earth movers<br>
move earth around, sometimes building scale landscape features with<br>
retaining walls, pilings, gabion baskets, and concrete blocks. Little earth<br>
screening drums sort soil into various grades. Little forklifts shift<br>
pallets around little shipping depots and load and unload trucks. Container<br>
lifts manage little shipping container terminals. Little farm vehicles till<br>
and sow miniature fields. Snow cats sculpt miniature ski slopes. Fire and<br>
emergency vehicles put out actual fires. Cranes and tow trucks rescue<br>
vehicles if they get stuck in ditches or tip over. And it's all<br>
cooperative. When I look at these things I see more than just a bunch of<br>
models simulating mundane activity. I see hints of a machine civilization.<br>
I see machines homesteading.<br>
<br>
One of the often overlooked bits of computer history is that the idea of<br>
'hacking', along with many other principles of modern computing and digital<br>
control, had its roots in the MIT Tech Model Railway Club<br>
<<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STVdCJaG0bY" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STVdCJaG0bY</a>>; a very large communal model<br>
train layout created in a disused campus industrial building that exists to<br>
this day. Models trains were a good petri dish for exploring principles of<br>
automated control theory while offering a fun creative outlet and a good<br>
social venue. I've often wondered what might be a more contemporary form of<br>
this. Amateur robotics today tends to be about 'sports'. Competition and<br>
war. Racing, analogs of team sports, and cockfighting. Today's robot events<br>
seem to rarely feature any sort of cooperative activity. Perhaps this is a<br>
reflection of a common Darwinian or Objectivist philosophy. Everything is a<br>
contest of survival of the fittest. Or maybe it's just that no model of<br>
cooperative robot activity has ever occurred to anyone in this community.<br>
What would they do?<br>
<br>
A year ago ESA announced their latest plans for development of a moonbase<br>
showcasing a design developed by Fosters and Partners<br>
<<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBZopB4356U" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBZopB4356U</a>> that, jumping on the 3D<br>
printing bandwagon, was based on the idea of using a pair of modest robots<br>
to 3D print a hard shell for an inflatable habitat made from fused<br>
regolith. It's a fairly plausible concept since, despite Fosters'<br>
suggestion of employing 'advanced construction methods', it's actually a<br>
derivative of a very old, well proven, and simple construction method once<br>
used in WWII by German military engineers to build bunkers and underground<br>
bomb-resistant aircraft hangars and which has quite often been suggested a<br>
the basis of Lunar and Mars base construction. Known as mound-formed shell<br>
construction, it uses sculpted mounds of gravel with reinforcement placed<br>
over them as a form over which a relatively dry concrete is layered. Once<br>
the shell has cured, it is covered in earth and the gravel is excavated<br>
from the hollow shell to be reused in further construction. A very<br>
interesting park in Fukuoka Japan called Grin-Grin Park<br>
<<a href="http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2013/03/toyo-ito-grin-grin-park-fukuoka.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2013/03/toyo-ito-grin-grin-park-fukuoka.html</a>> features<br>
this very type of construction and I often refer to it as a plausible<br>
visual analog of future space settlements. Many variations of this<br>
technique have been proposed for space use since the 1960s. SuperAdobe<br>
inventor Nader Khalili once proposed the use of solar thermal fusion in a<br>
variation of the ancient Persian technique of fired adobe construction.<br>
<br>
The interesting thing about this building technique is that it's really so<br>
simple right now a group of hobbyists or students could go buy a bunch of<br>
those RC construction models right off the shelf and demonstrate, full<br>
scale, this moonbase construction using them. Though they wouldn't be quite<br>
as efficient as more purpose-designed robots, they could probably<br>
accomplish this in about the same time as projected for the Fosters<br>
design--roughly half a year. Given that the 1/8th scale construction models<br>
are about the same size as the robots proposed, repurposing the components<br>
from these models for more efficient purpose-built systems would be<br>
straightforward. Ideally, one would want a better teleoperation analog than<br>
having a bunch of people standing around with RC transmitters and so a new<br>
WiFi based first-person video and control platform would be preferred<br>
allowing long distance cooperative control by PC over the internet. This is<br>
all perfectly feasible. It could be started in a week.<br>
<br>
Strangely, despite the relative ease and economy of such a demonstration,<br>
for a year now ESA has made no attempt to do this. No one in the space<br>
establishment is proposing anything like this. Could such a project be the<br>
new TMRC? A potentially vastly larger, global access, TMRC? For a long time<br>
I've been proposing the idea of an open source space program based on<br>
telebase development, but few people seem to have been able to comprehend<br>
what I was talking about. I keep referring to it as "the best community<br>
model train layout ever--the kind you might one day move into" but no one<br>
gets it. Here, however, is a project that could very plainly illustrate the<br>
concept. A specific, cooperative, physical building project that a team of<br>
amateur telerobots and their builders could actually build and, through<br>
that, refine their technology. A direct way to personally participate in<br>
real space development activity. And this is just one of a large host of<br>
space analog structures that could be explored using similar facilities<br>
right here on Earth, indoors and out, local and remote. There are orbital<br>
platforms based on space frames, enclosed orbital labs, open and enclosed<br>
surface habitats, excavated habitats, and so on. There are many kinds of<br>
tele-construction and in-situ resource utilization concepts to explore. The<br>
Earth offers even more challenging environments like the open ocean or the<br>
sea floor, forests, caves, hot springs and volcanoes, the poles. There are<br>
all kinds of interesting design and engineering problems on offer here. And<br>
best of all, it could be a hell of a lot of fun. But is anyone else<br>
interested? Is there a way to get to critical mass? Those RC model shows<br>
often have many companies sponsoring them--often the same vehicle<br>
manufacturers represented by the models on display. Why wouldn't those some<br>
construction machine companies be interested in this?<br>
<br>
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----- Forwarded message from Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>> -----<br>
<br>
Date: Thu, 19 May 2016 19:04:52 -0700 (PDT)<br>
From: Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: Open Manufacturing <<a href="mailto:openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com">openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
Subject: [Open Manufacturing] Re: Telebase Alpha<br>
<br>
Thinking more about how to get started with this. Step one would seem to be<br>
to identify some likely control hardware and software. As it turns out,<br>
there's a variety of RC-over-WiFi/IP hardware available off-the-shelf and<br>
cheap now whose development has been driven by people wanting to use their<br>
smartphones and tablets as RC transmitters. These are small and designed as<br>
drop-in replacements for conventional RC receivers and so will suit most<br>
off-the-shelf models.There are also some RC-over-IP tool kits for Arduinos<br>
<<a href="http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RCKit/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RCKit/</a>> using WiFi shields, and<br>
probably comparable toolkits for the other popular microcontrollers. These<br>
are based on smartphone/tablet apps that simulate a simple conventional RC<br>
transmitter user interface with a couple of virtual joysticks. We need to<br>
support more sophisticated workstations able to combine multiple<br>
controllers (as a single robot may have multiple controllers), video<br>
displays, and telemetry displays and switch them as grouped workstation<br>
sets between different robots and other base hardware. We might also want<br>
to support some of the same kind of control panels used with flight<br>
simulator programs. I suspect this has been done before with Linux<br>
workstations--I would be very surprised if it hasn't, but maybe it hasn't<br>
been done over IP. But if at first we would have to make do with a<br>
'workstation' composed of a set of modest cost tablets that might be OK. It<br>
might just be a hassle to switch them between different robots.<br>
<br>
We would also need to figure out if this can be run in a mesh network<br>
environment as an 'in the field' telebase is most-likely to employ mesh<br>
networking using deployable 'trail marker' transponders. Not much of a<br>
concern at the start as an initial setup is most-likely going to be<br>
indoors.<br>
<br>
Power is an important concern if we're doing everything by remote control.<br>
It's the biggest logistical issue for a telebase. On-board solar power is a<br>
possibility but if a prototype is done indoors this may not be too<br>
effective. I expected this to be problematic, but it seems many amateur<br>
robot builders have been experimenting with near field wireless charging<br>
enough that off-the-shelf wireless charging hardware is commonly found in<br>
current robot parts catalogs. A few, smaller, off-the-shelf RC models are<br>
now adopting this as well. There are also a variety of wireless chargers<br>
for cell phones that could be hacked. So a more-or-less standardized<br>
solution for this could be possible. There may still be an issue with<br>
charging the high-power LiPoly batteries now common for larger or more high<br>
performance RC models. Also, direct cabling is not unusual in the full<br>
scale mining and construction field, which has been on a long trend of<br>
transitioning to electric power. It may be quite practical to have robots<br>
operating on tethers where their range of movement is relatively modest.<br>
But reliable quick-connect in a relatively dirty environment would be a<br>
challenge.<br>
<br>
The Fosters moonbase concept is rather over-simplistic, at least in<br>
illustration, and seems to assume that lunar regolith is much more uniform<br>
and homogenous than is likely, thus allowing for a single kind of robot to<br>
assume both material gathering and deposition functions. In practice, it is<br>
likely that considerable site preparation will be necessary and there will<br>
need to be some dedicated facility for the collection and screening of<br>
regolith in large volume akin to that commonly used in terrestrial<br>
landscape work. The use of an inflatable dome as a form potentially reduces<br>
the construction time compared to screening and piling up a gravel mound<br>
form, but in gathering a suitable volume of uniform shell material one<br>
would be simultaneously separating and collecting this gravel sized<br>
material, the ratios of granular sizes varying widely with location. This<br>
inflatable dome must also survive, fully exposed, for the duration of the<br>
construction process, demanding a multilayer Whipple-shield like structure<br>
akin to the semi-rigid TransHab module hull. Thus a much heavier, less<br>
compactable, dome envelope would be needed with this approach than would be<br>
needed for a system where the envelope was deployed within a pre-fabricated<br>
shell. So it's difficult to suggest any particular advantage to an<br>
inflatable form over the much simpler mound form.<br>
<br>
A formless approach is also feasible with a radial boom crane based<br>
deposition mechanism and has been proposed for lunar construction in the<br>
past, but would require a very fine and uniform shell material, possibly<br>
using a gas or liquid transport method, deposited in very thin layers that<br>
may not be possible without a significant local refinery process.<br>
<br>
The Fosters concept doesn't get into any details on the nature of the<br>
'printing' process used in shell construction. It appears that it is based<br>
on fluid deposition of a binding agent into thin regolith layers--much like<br>
the polyjet 3D printing process. I imagine some exotic epoxy. Mound formed<br>
shell construction usually employs a dry but convention cement based<br>
concrete mix, which could be fine in demonstration but is a little messy to<br>
deal with for small machines. This is usually a material intended for large<br>
volumes applied very quickly rather than built-up in many thin layers. An<br>
analogous oxidizing liquid binder could be explored or perhaps an<br>
off-the-shelf geopolymer which can be mixed in small batches and applied in<br>
very liquid form. This would still be the messiest and least reliable part<br>
of the building process. In the past, methods of regolith construction have<br>
proposed vitrifying regolith in situ, sometimes using solar energy, but the<br>
amount of energy needed to accomplish this is very high. A variety of lunar<br>
regolith simulant materials have been developed, but are not produced in<br>
quantity sufficient to be affordable in the volumes this project would<br>
requires and so we would likely have to go with something that is more of a<br>
physical than chemical simulation. This probably doesn't need to be too<br>
close an analog or terribly strong to adequately demonstrate the<br>
construction process.<br>
<br>
The use of ISS-style cupolas in the Fosters dome design doesn't make much<br>
sense. It defeats the purpose of the radiation shielding of the regolith<br>
shell, creates a lot of failure points, and would not be an efficient<br>
lighting system. It is much more likely that such habitats would rely<br>
either on electric lighting alone or the use of fiber optic lighting with<br>
easily positioned and replaceable modular heliostat array collectors and<br>
fiber cables to bring light in through the bulkhead entrances.<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
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----- Forwarded message from Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>> -----<br>
<br>
Date: Wed, 25 May 2016 17:09:31 -0700 (PDT)<br>
From: Eric Hunting <<a href="mailto:erichunting@gmail.com">erichunting@gmail.com</a>><br>
To: Open Manufacturing <<a href="mailto:openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com">openmanufacturing@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
Subject: [Open Manufacturing] Re: Telebase Alpha<br>
<br>
Thinking some more about this idea and what sort of robot designs might be<br>
used. I've been considering which of the RC construction vehicle<br>
types/parts would offer the most potential 'hackability' for robot<br>
adaptation. Construction/excavation machine designs have tended to be<br>
rather specialized. But one type stands out as, potentially, the most<br>
versatile or multi-functional; the crawler excavator. The crawler seems to<br>
be the one drive platform used in the most variations of construction<br>
equipment, employed where surfaces are unstable and maximum traction and<br>
wide distribution of vehicle loads are desired. The crawler excavator form<br>
of this is interesting in that it's swiveling crawler base is used by some<br>
equipment companies, largely unchanged, in a number of different machines.<br>
The same chassis used for a bucket excavator may also be used for what is<br>
called a 'swivel crawler dumper', often using the very same kind of<br>
operator cabin. This video <<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2u0aaTOykQ" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2u0aaTOykQ</a>><br>
shows these machines side-by-side. This may also be used for cranes, cargo<br>
handling with a small loading crane, and to host all sorts of other<br>
equipment. The crawler is also used in a kind of landscape sculpting role<br>
on ski slopes where a winch is employed to support the vehicle<br>
<<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abvkRTjH9uo" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abvkRTjH9uo</a>> traversing steep slopes as it<br>
sculpts them. Here we can see the same mechanism being used for earth<br>
sculpting. <<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C_Q205umDw" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C_Q205umDw</a>> This mechanism has<br>
been reproduced in scale models<br>
<<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnFqvavlk1k" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnFqvavlk1k</a>> and could be a useful tool in<br>
the shaping of a gravel mound form. These crawler chassis can also be<br>
ganged to support long or wide platforms or long articulated chains, like LeTourneau<br>
Trains<br>
<<a href="http://www.autoblog.net.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/overland-train-4.jpg" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.autoblog.net.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/overland-train-4.jpg</a>>,<br>
though that would be more efficient with wheeled vehicles.<br>
<br>
The form-factor of these crawlers is such that adapting them to<br>
robots--whether as scale models or full-scale machines, would be as simple<br>
as replacing the operator cabin with an electronics enclosure and adding a<br>
'radar arch' to host lights, sensors, and cameras. In the nautical world a<br>
radar or communications arch, also called a boat tower, is a simple space<br>
frame arch<br>
<<a href="https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/7dc9caed/dms3rep/multi/mobile/pict0541-600x450.JPG" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/7dc9caed/dms3rep/multi/mobile/pict0541-600x450.JPG</a>> suspended<br>
over the deck or pilot cabin/station of a boat used to host radar units,<br>
lights, satellite, and radio equipment. On fishing charter boats these are<br>
also used to hold fishing rods and a high lofted pilot station for 'sight<br>
fishing' (using height to avoid glare and spot fish by sight) while other<br>
boats use them to support towlines for water skiing. For robots one would<br>
want to employ a frame with many equipment mounting options so T-slot or<br>
holed tubular profiles are likely.<br>
<br>
The compromise of the crawler is that it's very slow and unsuited to long<br>
distance travel. When doing real scale construction with small robots this<br>
is an important consideration. It also has a large number of parts, and<br>
thus needs more maintenance. It is likely one would need additional wheeled<br>
vehicles or possibly the use of rail systems, like a deployable banana<br>
monorail <<a href="https://www.earth.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/20-Foto7.jpg" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.earth.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/20-Foto7.jpg</a>>,<br>
to support the longer distance transport of materials. Wheeled excavators<br>
are common and offer similar potential versatility from their chassis,<br>
though this is not commonly exploited in construction equipment design,<br>
perhaps because it's considered redundant to existing conventional wheeled<br>
vehicle designs. The wheeled excavator is much more mobile and faster, but<br>
requires more maneuvering room and a much more stable, level, surface to<br>
traverse. When excavating, they deploy a narrow dozer blade and outrigger<br>
stabilizers, requiring a flat resting area. In the past decade, a new class<br>
of wheeled excavator has emerged called 'walking' or 'spider' excavators<br>
that use independent steered pneumatically powered wheels on the ends of<br>
articulated legs. This allows for traversing extreme terrain, performing<br>
elaborate maneuvers, and level operation on steep slopes and is very useful<br>
in shallow water and swampy locations. It's also based on very minimalist<br>
base chassis like the crawlers and so could suit the same large variety of<br>
applications. There have been some experiments in modeling these with Lego,<br>
but I haven't yet seen off-the-shelf RC models, possibly because this drive<br>
system remains a bit difficult to replicate in miniature. But it's, no<br>
doubt, on the way and this could offer a superior alternative to the<br>
crawler. Certainly, a number of large scale space robot designs already<br>
employ systems like this.<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
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